Evaluating Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating Ethics - Essay Example However, there is no written code of ethics of the company.1 However, company works on the basis of stewardship in which it defines its relationship with the external world and its member community especially. This stewardship includes some priority areas set by the company which outlines its responsibilities towards the community and external world. These priorities include the active conservation of nature, responsible use of the outdoor activities, adapting responsible business practices to enhance and improve the external world, â€Å"foster opportunities to increase participation in human-powered outdoor recreation, with a focus on youth2†. It is because of this reason that REI has been developing eco-sensitive products. â€Å"Everyone at REI is charged with nurturing the spirit of openness, honesty and integrity that is so much a part of the fabric of the REI culture. Doing the right thing is a way of life here. REI has taken a firm stance on business ethics and social compliance. We hold ourselves and our vendors, both domestic and international, to high standards and take seriously our commitment to act as a concerned corporate citizen. Our strict sourcing code ensures that goods carrying the REI label are manufactured with due regard for workers and the environment.† (REI) The above quote strictly outlines various ethics of the company. It not mentions about REI’s values but also clearly mentions about the commitment of its employees. In terms of training, REI strive to deliver it on two counts. One to its employees and second to its customers so that its policy of the conservation of nature can be achieved through development of eco-friendly products. Further, in terms of monitoring, REI works as a Co-op where its members are regular visitors besides since employees of the organization itself have the desire and passion about the outdoor activities therefore monitoring at the company take place on multiple counts. First

Macbeth Newspaper Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Newspaper Essay One way Jewett dramatizes the character of the young girls adventure is by using personification. Jewett uses personification. Personification gives human qualities to objects as a way of describing them to strengthen the description. In the story A White Heron Jewett uses personification when she says â€Å"There was the huge tree asleep yet in the paling moonlight. † Jewett here is showing the tree as a peaceful tree sleeping under the moonlight. â€Å"It must truly have been amazed. † This is when Jewett is trying to show how the tree is amazed by Sylvia and from that point it started to help her. â€Å"It felt this determined spark of human spirit. † This is when Jewett is showing that the tree felt a spark of human spirit. â€Å"And the tree stood still and frowned away the winds. † This was when Jewett was trying to show that the tree frowned away the winds and did not want the wind to make Sylvia’s journey hard for her. â€Å"The old pine must have loved his new dependent. † This is when Jewett is showing that the old pine tree now has helped Sylvia to the top and actually loves his new dependent (Sylvia). Another way Jewett dramatizes the character of the young girls adventure is by using Diction. Diction is the author’s word choice. It is very important because it strengthens the description of something or someone. In The White Heron Jewett it helps contrast between the huge tree and the small girl. Words that was used to describe Sylvia in the story was â€Å"little,† â€Å"small,† â€Å"clumsy,† â€Å"bare feet,† â€Å"weak creature† and â€Å"Harmless housebreaker. † All of these are words chosen by Jewett that describes the character of Sylvia. It strengthens the characterization of Sylvia. Those words mostly are showing that Sylvia is weak and small. She is a small girl that goes on a journey that leads her to becoming a young adult. Also words such as â€Å"determined,† â€Å"daring,† spark† and â€Å"dazzle† shows that Sylvia is determined and is daring herself to climb the â€Å"huge† tree. Jewett also uses words to describe the tree. Words such as â€Å"huge,† â€Å"strong,† â€Å"old pine,† â€Å"sturdy,† â€Å"monstrous ladder† and â€Å"great main mast† to describe the tree. This is showing that the tree is very powerful. These two are exactly opposite when Jewett describes them using word choice and diction. For example she says the girl is â€Å"small† and the tree is â€Å"huge,† she is â€Å"weak† and the tree is â€Å"strong† so there is a contrast between them. Contrasting diction and word choices contrasts the Sylvia’s personality and the tree’s.

Softball Essay -- essays research papers

Softball is a sport that is known throughout the United States and the world. Softball originated on Thanksgiving Day in Chicago in 1887. The game was actually said to have begun as an indoor game. Softball was started by a group of men who had gathered at a club to watch the Harvard vs. Yale football game. When the news came that Yale had defeated Harvard, 17-8, one Yale supporter, overcome with enthusiasm, picked up an old boxing glove and threw it at a nearby Harvard alumni, who promptly tried to hit it back with a stick. This gave George Hancock, a reporter for the Chicago Board of Trade, an idea. He suggested a game of indoor baseball. Naturally, Hancock's friends thought he was talking about playing a game outdoors, not indoors. Hancock, however, wasn't kidding. Using what was available, he tied together the laces of a boxing glove for a ball. Using a piece of chalk, Hancock marked off a home plate, bases and a pitcher's box inside the Farragut Boat Club gymnasium, with the tw o groups divided into two teams. The final score of the game was 41-40, but what was significant was that Hancock and his friends had invented a sport that would grow in popularity to where today more than 25 million people enjoy playing it in the United States and millions more internationally in more than 100 countries. Hancock set up rules and had his friends over to his house every Saturday night to play this new game. From there it spread all over Chicago. The first rulebook is said to have b...

Learning Materials Found in the National Library of Philippines

Last Saturday though the library is only open till 3pm, I manage to revisit the National Library with a special friend, even though I am very much familiar with the materials that this library use and have, I still push to go there to make a list of these things. As I enter the library, I notice that we first logged to the log book gave by the library guards, and these comes in my first list. I was not able to ask the guard the reason for this, but I am sure that this is a part of their security measure. For instance, on that day, something happened and all on the list that they have with the guard may be use as witness for it. Then, we went to luggage counter to deposit our bags. This is also their way to protect their library from thieves. If you are a first timer in this library, you are required to have a library I. D. Before, when it was my first time, with my classmates, we all pay for the ID, which is worth P50. 00, surprisingly; it is still worth like that. Before you can enter the library as visitor, but now my friend with me, they also require him to have an ID. As I was waiting for my friend to fill up his form in applying an ID for the library, something caught my attention. It was an old Catalog box filled with index cards with list of names and personal information. Then I thought of that maybe these are the ID cards of those who use to be here, just imagine how long this library is running. As we are waiting for the ID, the Elevator caught my attention. The last time we went here, I remember that we used it with my clan. At the right side of the elevator, there you can see the restroom for the user and the office of the personnel of the library. I believe that the office is air conditioned, because the dew and fog made by the air-con which is very visible because of the glass walls. As we go upstairs, students were checking on the computers set for the easy books access. This is the library I saw that uses this kind of technology. You can find here the information that can help you find the books that u need at ease. Once you type the idea of what you need in the book, the computer will give you list of different books, thesis, newspaper, magazines, dissertation and such that is related to your desired book. Aside from that, it will also give you the information about what stations you can find it, author, page, year and lots. If you listed the target books, you will next go to the stations that the computer gave you, for instance the General Books. This station generally composed of books like dictionaries, Bibles, Encyclopedias and such. Each station is air-conditioned but smells like old books. Aside from making the visitors feel comfortable, the main function of this is to take good care of the books, because high temperature will lessen the books’ life span. Each station have place for the visitor like reading stations. These composed of tables and chairs perfect if the book barrower needs a lot of time with the desired books he have. Next item that I have is the small piece of paper given by the library personnel. In this paper, you will write the information you got from the computers of you desired books. This will be given to the library personnel inside the book gallery which will be replaced by another paper containing the book number and book shell of your desired book. This makes the searching easier. Also I notice, in every stations we passed thru, there they have a mini museum of our national treasures and history memorabilia. Before I remember, it took my friends a lot of time here than searching for their books. Aside from that, they also have a photo copy station which becomes very useful during my research making last semester, although pages that are allowed to be copied are very limited. I am not really aware of what is the objective of me going here just to get a list again of the materials that the library have and use, but then I realize at the middle of my list I wrote books. The main reason why people go in a library is they have a need for a certain book, and library without a book in it is not a library. As I was there I also use that opportunity to also read about my present studies in my different subject as part of my advance study.

The Effects of Tourism in Menorca

1. Reasons why Menorca is a popular destination from the UK, Germany and Scandinavia: * With rising amounts of disposable income, tourists can afford to travel further on their holidays. This has also led to the demise of such British holiday resorts such as Brighton, Blackpool and Cornwall. * Also, the diminishing costs of flying due to budget airlines providing charter flights and the construction of a new airport with a longer runway coupled with the reduced time of flying to Menorca due to advances in Jet aircraft and the smoothness of arranging a holiday through Package holidays mean that flying to Menorca is less strenuous, more hassle-free and accessible than in the past. * The climate is more tropical because it is further south than the UK, Germany and Scandinavia. Also, due to the island's small size, no residency will be far from the beach. 2. The attractions for tourists as illustrated by figures 3.40 and 3.41: In Figure 3.40: * The white sand and clear blue sea- the coast. In combination with the climate, attractive for tourists that enjoy beach holidays. * The scenery – Menorca has a lot of forestry. It is much greener and lush than its Balearics. * Development one the sea front- means that there are hotels right on the seafront that allows excellent access for tourists that want a beach holiday. * A promenade along the coastline- means that tourists that wish to walk along the coast without walking along a beach full of people. By being on the edge of the forest, it encourages people to take an interest in the environment and allows people who want ‘quiet recreation' to pursue their desired activities. Figure 3.41 * The harbour is an attraction for tourists. * The open-air cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ by the water provides a relaxing stop for the tourists. * The boats indicate that water ports are an appealing past time for holidaymakers. 3. The jobs that will have been created by the tourists will be: * Craft and retail industries will have increased custom due to increased population. * Services industries eg. Food production, builders, restaurants, cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s, hotels, taxi drivers/car hire * Airports will produce jobs for local communities * Civic services will employ more people to sweep towns etc. 4. When tourists bring money to Menorca, parts of the income proceed through taxes to the government, who spend some of the money on public services (eg. Better roads, hospitals, redeveloping downmarket areas etc.) This money then encourages more people to come to the country that brings even more money in through taxes that can be spent on public services. This is repeated over and over. 5. Menorca attracts few tourists during November-April due to two things: i. The climate. During the winter months, the temperature is rarely above 15OC. Also, the monthly rainfall for the 6 winter months averages at 5.5 mm. This is compares with an average temperature of 27OC during the peak summer season – June, July and August. In these three months, the average rainfall is 1.3 mm. The less attractive climate during the 6 winter months means that holidaymakers going for ‘sun and sand' will be more likely to go during the three summer months (June, July and August) than during the winter months. ii. The other reason is that most families go on holiday in summer due to school holidays and booked absences from work. This also ties in with part I). Holidays in the summer are more convenient from an organisation view, and provide the best weather. 6. The problems caused by the influx of tourists to the island are: iii. The lack of income during the winter due to the decrease in tourism. iv. The local environment. The tourists will leave more litter, lead to an increase of pollution due to the industrial expansion that is needed to provide a good service to the tourists. The tourists will also damage things such as the woodland, and the animals to which the woodland is their habitat by trekking through the greenery. Also, room is needed to expand the countries' infrastructure, which could well lead to deforestation. v. The cultures of the local Menorcans will be diluted by the import of foreign cultures. Eg. Cuisine, language, currency, music and manners. 7. The disadvantages and advantages of the use of the local language, Minorqui are: Advantages: The preservation of the local culture, and to make sure that the local population do not get too disillusioned with the measures taken concerning local tourism Disadvantages: Is not helpful to tourists, who could find it hard to understand the happenings in Menorca. This could a factor that prevents tourists going to Menorca repeatedly, lessening sustainable tourism. Also, they may collect less revenue from advertising due to the lessened interest from companies trying to influence a foreign audience, who will not understand them. 8. To protect the environment, the Menorcan officials are: * Prevent buildings 250m from the coast can be no more than two storeys high. * A bridle path around the coast to encourage quiet recreation has been set up. * The UN have designated Menorca a Biosphere Reserve to acknowledge the natural environment of Menorca.

Utilitarianism Essays

Utilitarianism Essays Utilitarianism Paper Utilitarianism Paper Essay Topic: Utilitarianism It was John Stuart Mills aim to revise and adapt Benthams ideas. Mill felt that this revision was necessary because many other writers had criticized Benthams work. Indeed Mill agreed with the criticisms that had been made and perhaps part of Mills response can be seen as an intellectual rebellion against his one time teacher. Mill attempted to adapt Benthams thoughts by introducing a number of different ideas and distinctions. One of the criticisms of Benthams philosophy was that it was a swine philosophy. The accusation was that, with its emphasis on pleasure, Utilitarianism made human beings no better than pigs. The first criticism that was made was that what is pleasure. Utilitarianism is based on the idea of Hedonism. Indeed this is what led many philosophers to suggest that Utilitarianism was a swine philosophy as it was simply based on pleasure. Mill did not attempt to respond to this accusation by suggesting a distinction between higher and lower pleasures. Another criticism that was made is human nature egoistic. Humans do not always seem to act in their own interest. For example, there are many examples of human beings risking their own life to save the life of another. This clearly is a problem for Benthams version of Utilitarianism although it is one of the things that Mill recognized. Is the principle of utility what we mean by morality is another criticism that was made by Mill. For a Utilitarian, an action is good if, and only if; it brings about the greatest good for the greatest number. In other words it does not matter about an individuals motives or how the greatest good for the greatest number is actually achieved. This goes against the idea that it is intentions, like love and care, which are important roles in morality. Finally the last criticism that was made is happiness the only thing that is important. For a Utilitarian the only thing that is important to them is the idea of happiness. Therefore anything that brings about happiness as the end is right. I think that are to many criticisms to what Bentham has said and that utilitarianism goes against most of the laws that we have in our country that we have today. For example, if someone was to murder someone because they didnt make them happy, then a Utilitarian might say that it made them happy consequentially. And also might make more people happy because it could be a serial killer that was just murdered.

How Women Can Maximize Their Leadership Skills

How Women Can Maximize Their Leadership Skills There’s a long way to go before we can say that we have gender equality in the workforce. That ideal  world would include total guaranteed pay equity, family leave, and a host of other less tangible things on the equality laundry list- most which would involve women getting the respect they deserve, not to mention recognition for their performance and the freedom to go about their workdays without having to deflect sexism or misogyny. Maybe you work in an environment that feels well ahead of the curve. If so, that’s awesome. But perhaps you don’t, and you are striving to understand how you can have the kind of career you want despite the minefield of obstacles that seem to stand in your path. Either way, let’s face it. Women can- and often are- treated differently in the workplace.Have you ever been called â€Å"honey† or â€Å"doll† by a client or a superior? Have you ever been the only person asked to fetch coffee in a meeting of mostly m en? Have you been passed over for promotions in favor of male colleagues who haven’t been working there as long as you have and, at least as far as you can tell, haven’t matched your performance or achievements? These are but a few of the many ways in which women are still being left behind professionally.According to the latest accounting by Catalyst, women currently hold only 5.8% of CEO positions at SP 500 companies. That’s a pretty measly slice of the pie. How, you might be wondering, can those odds be changed? There’s a lot of chatter (online and in bestselling books and inspirational speeches) about what women need to do to get to the top. â€Å"Leaning in† is just one strategy. Dressing or acting less feminine is another popular one- that means upping your aggression, going in for the kill, learning to be a mercenary in a cutthroat business world. But if these strategies feel a little severe to you, or abrasive, or you just can’t imag ine these tactics working for you, there are other ways.Embrace Your Natural Leadership AbilitiesKeep in mind, women have a wealth of natural leadership skills- and have for generations. Think about the hardworking, iron-willed and purposeful women in your family. Think about how your family has been held together and shepherded through tough times over the years. Chances are a woman is responsible for some or most of that. Think for a second about the unsung skills of your foremothers. Just because they aren’t recognized as they should be doesn’t mean their skills aren’t praiseworthy- and aren’t just the kind of leadership qualities you might innately possess.Things like emotional intelligence, instinct, crisis management, multitasking, troubleshooting, and opportunity managing. Women have (mostly) run the domestic show for a long time, and so effectively and seamlessly that nobody thinks to notice their labors, or their wealth of skills- or to notice ho w those skills might so easily translate into assets in the corporate world.Every woman is different. And gender differences don’t always fall along cookie-cutter lines. There are plenty of women who wouldn’t identify with all or any of the above traits, and plenty of men who would. But, generally speaking, most women do tend to be more collaborative and to take a slightly different tack in decision-making and leadership matters.Just because there are these marked and observable differences in most cases, it is also true that there aren’t any real substantive differences in what it takes to be a good leader that would disqualify a woman or more naturally recommend a man. Women are just as passionate, just as entrepreneurial, just as driven, just as strategic, and every bit as capable. Humans are humans, after all.According to a Gallup poll in 2015, employees with female managers were found to be more engaged in their work than those with male managers. Despite t his- and despite the fact that women are 51% of the population, only 33% of employees in the U.S. have female bosses or supervisors. At the 2013 World Economic Forum, founder and executive chairman Klaus Schwab said that â€Å"A world where women make up less than 20% of the global decision-makers is a world that is missing a huge opportunity for growth and ignoring an untapped reservoir of potential†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was (and still is) right. The more diversity of decision-makers in the workplace and the world, the better off the world and the workplace will be.Develop Key SkillsStart by leveraging the authentic qualities you started out with, rather than downplaying those traits in favor of more stereotypically masculine ones. Embrace your empathy and intuition. They can be invaluable tools for innovation and strategic marketing. Lead by example. â€Å"Go high† when everybody else is going low (thanks, Michelle Obama!). Use your problem-solving skills rather than studying f rom some male-written business manual. Trust your own ideas. Speak when you feel you should, but not just for the sake of speaking. Stay quiet and listen when you feel that’s most appropriate- you’ll never know what you might learn or how your patience might be rewarded when you finally do interject and lobby for your ideas.Cultivate ConfidenceThis may be a tough one, but it’s necessary. Ever met a male CEO or industry leader without it? Start by faking it; eventually you’ll make it. And remember, you won’t get where you want to go by trying to please everyone you come across. If you’ve done your homework and you know your industry and your job inside and out, then speak up; join the fray. Trust yourself. You know what you’re talking about. Speak up and share it. Don’t be afraid to show the world that you are well aware of your own merits and qualifications and that you feel quite strongly when you’ve got the right idea. Be an Actor, Not a ReactorKeep an eye out for opportunities to make a real impact and create a reputation for being a real contributor to projects and causes that matter. But also try to balance that a bit. Work-life balance is important. You can’t rise to the top if you’re too stressed and exhausted to support yourself on the way up. Your contributions will be most valuable when they’re backed up by good stores of sleep and health and verve.Work to Build a Matriarchy from WithinHelp other women. Pull your sisters up to the next promontory as you reach it. Mentor women and girls in your field. But also keep in mind that (most) men aren’t adversaries. Reach out for other, very different perspectives and advice. Seek out both male and female mentors and learn to navigate a path that feels right to you between their unique points of view. Learn to see what all good leaders have in common, regardless of their gender. (Hint: this will be a long list.)Above All : Listen for Your Own VoiceSeek out the stories of women who have made it to those coveted top rungs. Many top women leaders will say that there are a few qualities most crucial to the kind of success in leadership that you crave. Things like being proactive, constantly striving to learn new things and move your business (and indeed your industry) forward. Being able to negotiate confidently, rather than settle quietly. Being flexible, and able to adapt to any situation or crisis you may confront, open enough to think outside the box for a solution. But also keeping your eyes open, using your listening skills and powers of observation. Staying focused, despite all of the noise. Being authentic, true to yourself, but never keeping silent. Being outspoken, even if that means learning to get comfortable not being universally liked.Remember, you are your best (and sometimes only) advocate. Only you can be truly confident in your capabilities. It’s up to you to convince everyone e lse. Toot your own horn and the horns of the women you work with. No one will do it for you. Strike that power pose and unleash your creative forces. Pitch your ideas. Be audacious. Soon, you’ll be respected, even if not universally everyone’s best pal or favorite colleague. Respect, above all else, is key.In an ideal world, the burden wouldn’t fall so squarely on women to prove their mettle and earn the respect their male colleagues seem to start with at the bottom rung. But the world won’t always be so lopsided. You could be one of tomorrow’s leaders, a captain of industry who commands respect and changes lives. You could help shape a better, brighter world- not just for women in the workplace, but for all of us. So go ahead and take your seat at the conference table. And don’t be afraid to stand up and grab the mic.

Socialist Feminism Definition and Comparisons

Socialist Feminism Definition and Comparisons The phrase socialist feminism was increasingly used during the 1970s to describe a mixed theoretical and practical approach to achieving womens equality. Socialist feminist theory analyzed the connection between the oppression of women and other oppressions in society, such as racism and economic injustice. The Socialist Basis Socialists had fought for decades to create a more equal society that did not exploit the poor and the powerless in the same ways that capitalism did. Like Marxism, socialist feminism recognized the oppressive structure of a capitalist society. Like radical feminism, socialist feminism recognized the fundamental oppression of women, particularly in a  patriarchal society. However, socialist feminists did not recognize gender and only gender as the exclusive basis of all oppression. Rather, they held and continue to hold that class and gender are symbiotic, at least to some degree, and one cannot be addressed without taking the other into consideration.   Socialist feminists wanted to integrate the recognition of sex discrimination within their work to achieve justice and equality for women, for working classes, for the poor and all humanity.   A Little History The term socialist feminism might make it sound as though the two concepts- socialism and feminism- are cemented together and intertwined, but this has not always been the case. Socialist Party leader Eugene V. Debs and Susan B. Anthony were at odds back in 1905, each of them supporting a different end of the spectrum. Decades later, Gloria Steinem suggested that women, and particularly younger women, were eager to throw their support behind socialist Bernie Sanders rather than Hillary Clinton, a concept that became evident in the 2016 national election when Sanders won 53 percent of the female vote in the New Hampshire primary in contrast to Clintons 46 percent. How Is Socialist Feminism Different? Socialist feminism has often been compared to cultural feminism, but they are quite different although there are some similarities. Cultural feminism focuses almost exclusively on the unique traits and accomplishments of the female gender in opposition to those of men. Separatism is a key theme, but socialist feminism opposes this. The goal of socialist feminism is to work  with  men to achieve a level playing field for both genders. Socialist feminists have referred to cultural feminism as pretentious.   Socialist feminism is also distinctly different from liberal feminism, although the concept of liberalism has changed over the early decades of the 21st century. Although liberal feminists seek equality of the sexes, socialist feminists do not believe that is entirely possible within the constraints of current society.   The focus of radical feminists is more on the root causes of inequalities that exist. They tend to take the position that sexual discrimination is the sole source of the oppression of women. However, radical feminism may be more closely related than some other forms of feminism are to socialist feminism.   Of course, all these types of feminism share similar and often identical concerns, but their remedies and solutions vary.

The assignment for this week is to answer the the following questions

The for this week is to answer the the following questions from the textbook - Assignment Example It allows both the partners to gain maximum benefits creating a win-win situation for them. As the term implies, partnering is beneficial for both parties involved. The main objective of partnering is to improve quality of the business. It results in the betterment of important areas such as manufacturing process, the products itself, relation between the consumers and suppliers and in turn the customer contentment. Together these things increase the effectiveness of the business. A perfect example of the disadvantage of not having a partnering is the green Volvo case. Volvo manufactured a lot of green cars which could not gain the public interest and had almost no sales. To quickly sell this model, the marketing and sales departments started heavy promotions such as large discounts and rebates. What they did not do was to inform their suppliers of the case. So when the Volvo suppliers saw the green cars sell at such a speed, they doubled the manufacturing of the green cars. The result was loss of a lot of money and resources. We can say that partnering removes the invisib le wall that exists between the manufacturer and customer and the supplier and manufacturer. Some of the advantages also include reduced costs and increased speed of the whole working process. Nowadays people avoid going into the manufacturing business alone. Most companies tend to partner with their suppliers in order to form a mutually valuable working relation. Rick Hughes, the chief purchasing officer of P&G, a consumer goods company, talked about their strong regard for partnering with suppliers ‘We expect the best from our business partners, and we are focused on growing long-term relationships that are sustainable, innovative and create joint value’(Jusko, 2011). There are however some requirements that should be met by a supplier to be able to partnering. In order to form a successful supplier partnering, the supplier personnel should interact with the

The problem of corruption in Liberia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The problem of corruption in Liberia - Essay Example At the beginning of 2002, UNHCR assisted the refugees who voluntarily wanted to repatriate to Sierra Leone, and by the end of September, close to 13,000 refugees had been repatriated. UNHCR intends to continue its work in close cooperation with the Liberia Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission (LRRRC), which is the government institution responsible for constructing and implementing programmes for the displaced in Liberia (UNHCR, 2002c; Kamara, 1999b). Many of the studies on the topic of resettlement and repatriation emphasise the security conditions and the importance of guaranteeing protection for the refugees. This seems to be a major concern not only throughout the conflict but also in the postwar period. In late 1992 there were reports of security problems, especially in the northern Lofa County, and as a result UNHCR and NGOs were unable to reach the Sierra Leonean refugees in that area. Moreover, although UNHCR has had a voluntary repatriation plan in place since July 1991, the ongoing fighting has prevented Liberian refugees from returning (Jesuit Refugee Service, 1993:7). According to UNHCR, the security situation improved somewhat in 1993. However, the implementation of the Cotonou agreement, which was argued to be a condition for the return of the refugees, was behind schedule (UNHCR, 1993). Furthermore, in early 1994, UNHCR was asking donors for funds regarding the voluntary repatriation of some 700,000 Liberian refuge es residing in neighbouring countries at that time (Jesuit Refugee Service, 1994). Abdi and Tinstman discuss voluntary repatriation to Liberia, and they too argue that the security situation in Liberia is precarious and that there is a need to ensure that the refugees are protected (Abdi and Tinstman, 1995). Paul Stromberg reports that, in late 1997, the UNHCR shifted its policy of facilitating repatriation to a more active policy of promoting repatriation, but progress has been slow. The problems have been several, for instance, the cross border insurgencies, together with the lack of interest from the international donors which have resulted in lack in funding (Stromberg, 1998). In a paper by Tom Kamara, several aspects concerning returnees and repatriation are discussed. Kamara argues that security issues, as well as the economic environment, make the conditions for repatriation and reintegration difficult (Kamara, 1999b). Along the same lines, Philippa Atkinson has conducted a study of the political and socio-economic conditions facing the Liberian refugees as they returned from neighbouring countries to Liberia. She analyses a number of different factors, including shelter, food aid, income distribution, and employment (Atkinson, 1992). In a more recent study on economic opportunities for those returning home, Rein Dekker studies a group of Ghanaians who moved to Liberia, but due to the war returned to resettle in their home country. The government of Ghana and international agencies were focusing on the Liberian refugees while Ghanaian refugees were left to fend for themselves. However, loan schemes were offered by an NGO, and it is this scheme which Dek ker evaluates in her study. Dekker examines the factors that determined whether the refugees were successful in making use of this economic opportunity and able to repay their loans (Dekker, 1995). Jeff Crisp reports on

Facts and Fiction in the Novel - Year of Living Dangerously Essay

Facts and Fiction in the Novel - Year of Living Dangerously - Essay Example The writer relates to events that happened in the year 1965. In relation to facts and fiction found within the book, there is a lot to be drawn from the novel. Some elements push the reader into specific interpretive paths. Although factual in mode, it contains a mythological framework, which provides a set of possible explanations from the novel. More importantly is that Indonesia culture does not merely serve as an oriental background for the adventures of journalists from the west. Indigenous elements of Indonesia dominate and structure the work. Furthermore, the oriental element in the novel works as the missing part of the journalist from the west, thus an absent spiritual component of the accident. In comparison with facts and fiction, the novel scarcely touches on political issues of the west. It rather concentrates on the theme of cultural clash. Another point is the choice of narrator. Billy Kwan, a foreign journalist, replaces cookie. In comparison with the screenwriter, Billy does not straddle two worlds but also combines elements of both East and West because of his mixed parentage. This is considered an Australian topic, in the context of the colonial heritage of the country, and day to day from the rest of the world and thus plays as the central metaphors of the novel. This adds a new direction to the story. His role is to help others overcome their inability and be able to see and understand other cultures. The lead character in the novel is Guy Hamilton, an Anglo-Australian journalist. Though representing the world of reality and Western logic, he tries to understand the imaginative world. There is an arising of puppet motif - both politically and personally - represented by President Sukarno and Billy respectively, with their attempt to manipulate the people. Sukarno creates an image of unity between the opposites.

Taoism a way of being or a way of becoming Essay

Taoism a way of being or a way of becoming - Essay Example Yang Chu's thought has traditionally been connected with Taoism and considered a development of the thought contained in the Tao Te Ching. Yet Mencius, who attacked the teachings of Yang Chu, never mentioned Lao Tzu in his works. Lao Tan, a wise old man who epitomized the ancient Tao, was aware of all the ancient rites held by Confucians to be the culmination of order and civilization. As it turned out, this man taught the virtues of softness and yielding, of ignorance and non-exertion, which did not quite harmonize with the Confucian enthusiasm for knowledge and form, for rites and fame. It also explained as to why Ssu-ma Ch'ien, a professed Confucian, fully aware that in his own time Taoism and Confucianism had developed into different, rival, schools, included the meeting of Lao Tzu and Confucius in both biographies. (Isabellee, 1997) The tradition that Confucius learned rites from Lao Tzu could have been perpetrated by the Confucians. Being historically minded, they had to show that their emphasis on ritual had deep roots in a venerated figure like Lao Tzu, the old master. In recent years a surge of academic interest in religious Taoism is witnessed towards its contribution to the development of Chinese science, and its rituals and practices like Girardot, Kaltenmark, Lagerwey and Welsh, etc. Though both are rooted in archaic Chinese religion, religious Taoism is a very different phenomenon from philosophical Taoism. Philosophical Taoism raised the ancient Chinese worldview to the level of thought. As a way of thinking it is clearly distinguishable from Confucianism, Mohism, Legalism, and other schools of thought in ancient China. Religious Taoism, on the other hand, is amorphous throughout its career. Tracing its roots to the practices of ancient shamans and diviners, as an organized religion it came into existence in the 2nd century A.D. The only indigenous religion of China which, incorporates in its development whatever enters the Chinese religious orbit. (Isabelle, 1997) It appropriated all the philosophical Taoist texts, including the Tao Te Chi ng and the Chuang Tzu, which become its sacred scriptures. But what are poetical musings and metaphysical reflections in these texts now become theory and dogma. Its most fervent search and promise are long life and immortality. While it reveres the author of the Tao Te Ching as its spiritual founder, it adopts the Yin-Yang and five-phase theory from the Yin Yang school, believes with Mo Tzu that heaven possesses conscious will, adopts Confucian ethics, and includes many Buddhist teachings and rituals. As a result the religious Taoist canon grew to thousands of volumes, for the study of all aspects of Chinese culture. Relationship between Taoism and Lao Tzu's Central Teaching The direct relationship between

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Civil War - Essay Example Back in the last decade of the 20th century, Somali was engrossed in a civil war. The mood on the ground was that the government of Siad Barre becoming too harsh to the people. Whether such claims were true or not, what followed was one of the longest and perhaps bloodiest civil war ever witnessed on the African continent. Probably the only country that had also been through such a long period of war is now the newly independent Southern Sudan. Thanks to Kenya and AMISOM (African Mission in Somali) troops, the Somali people recently voted in a new parliament that successfully voted for a new president. Things appear to be poised for changes but that is for history to judge. It is vital to analyze the context of the civil war in Somali prior to the recent developments. Such an analysis will take into consideration the humanitarian crisis. Even so, this is not to imply that the process towards a stable Somalia had been a smooth transition. The Somali civil war case has been one that ha s had far-reaching effects immediately after the overthrowing of Barre’s government in 1991. Being a country that is made up of clans, what erupted in the initial period was a contest for dominance by all the major clans. It was almost practically impossible trying to persuade any clan lord to visualize a united Somali with him on the periphery. I use "him" because under sharia law, some positions of leadership are gender governed and Somali being a predominantly Muslim nation, the rule applies (Munene, 2012).

How Information Technology impact in business world Research Paper

How Information Technology impact in business world - Research Paper Example Current trends in Information Technology include; cloud computing and information security. Alternatively, the view of Daintith John (2009) is that â€Å"Information Technology is the use of computers and telecommunication facilities in business; to collect, manipulate, transmit, store and retrieve data. Information Technology refers to computers plus computer networks, but can also include information transmitting equipments like satellites, phone, televisions and radios. IT infrastructure involves the framework on which information networks operate.† The infrastructure include; computers, networks, database management systems and a regulatory framework. In the field of Information Technology, infrastructure refers to physical hardware which connects computers and users, for example, telephone lines, satellites, television cables and antennas. To some people, infrastructure is anything that supports the processing of data and information. Erick Miley (2014) explains that â€Å"Information Technology is an occupation or profession that identifies with computer technology." He stresses that modern businesses use computers to ensure high standards of customer service and efficiency. The benefits if information Technology to businesses many. Computers process information at very high speeds, for examples emails deliver messages instantly. Business information can be updates on market. Increased computer speed ensures efficiency in information processing. Computers are also able to multi-task accurately and quickly, for example, solving complex mathematical equations. IT ensures low business costs; this is due to the fact that as technology becomes more common it also becomes affordable. It has led to more entrepreneurship opportunities; this is because many people nowadays work at home using the internet. (Allen and Morton 37). According to Chirantan Basu, Demand

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Civil War - Essay Example Back in the last decade of the 20th century, Somali was engrossed in a civil war. The mood on the ground was that the government of Siad Barre becoming too harsh to the people. Whether such claims were true or not, what followed was one of the longest and perhaps bloodiest civil war ever witnessed on the African continent. Probably the only country that had also been through such a long period of war is now the newly independent Southern Sudan. Thanks to Kenya and AMISOM (African Mission in Somali) troops, the Somali people recently voted in a new parliament that successfully voted for a new president. Things appear to be poised for changes but that is for history to judge. It is vital to analyze the context of the civil war in Somali prior to the recent developments. Such an analysis will take into consideration the humanitarian crisis. Even so, this is not to imply that the process towards a stable Somalia had been a smooth transition. The Somali civil war case has been one that ha s had far-reaching effects immediately after the overthrowing of Barre’s government in 1991. Being a country that is made up of clans, what erupted in the initial period was a contest for dominance by all the major clans. It was almost practically impossible trying to persuade any clan lord to visualize a united Somali with him on the periphery. I use "him" because under sharia law, some positions of leadership are gender governed and Somali being a predominantly Muslim nation, the rule applies (Munene, 2012).

Strategic Analysis of E-Sonic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Analysis of E-Sonic - Essay Example It’s success critierion was to be determined from the amount of market share It could extract from its competitor. At the moment, there are two key players who dominate the online music industry. They firms command atleast 85% of the over all market share in downloads. E-Sonic had to target these customers while fetching for new customers to the world of online music. While the idea of targeting a million customers and attracting them to digital music, seems like a far fetched one, the formula for its success is not that complex. All it needs is some simple marketing, sound selection of artists and a nice user friendly web interface that will assist it in establishing its position as the market leader. The paper will conduct a strategy analysis of E-sonic. External Market Analysis: Industry Profile The online music industry is a very competitive one. In the last couple of years it has churned up a huge array of competitors. Some of these include the likes of iTunes, Napster an d AmazonMP3. Their overall revenues in the market exceed 4.2 billion dollars as of 2009. At the moment, the online digital music industry comprises of 400 legal music services that have been engaged in delivery some 260 types of products belonging to different genres such as music, ringtones, audiotracks and video. The competition in the industry is intense and a threat of potential new entrants looms. Their entry is supported by the looming trends in the market. This includes higher consumer purchases of online music, bigger and faster access to the internet round the globe and the increased ability to download and listen to music on-the-go with developments in the mobile industry and mobile connection. The online music market has shown improvement and growth compared to last year. According to statistics published by the Billboard numbers, approximately 1 billion tracks were sold in the United States in 2010. This was only a 0.3% increase from 2009. Similarly, sales of online albu ms has also peaked, increasing to 13%. This is particularly true of the North American region of the industry. E-Sonic:. Opportunities: E-sonic has the opportunity to further develop music player into a more mobile phone friendly format. Something on the lines of Rokr mobile phone device by Motorola should greatly benefit the company. E-sonic can also capitalize on revenues that can be generated from podcasts and radio shows. They can be downloaded from the internet and then played back on iPod. Threats: Competition in this industry is very intense. E-sonic has to work very hard on its marketing and R & D to stay on the top of the rung. Competitor Analysis ITunes is the market leader in this industry despite stiff competition from various online music vendors such as Amazon. It has managed to increase its market share manifold. The music service now churns out around 66.3% of the online music market according to a research. Amazon runs second in the competitor list having a share of 13.3 % as of third quarter of 2010. The competition between Amazon and Apple is intense. In 2010 Apple was seen pressurizing artists in its bid to obstruct Amazon’s music promotions. They warned them of loosing all support from iTunes if they were seen supporting Amazon music. However, it cant be said that Apple’s growth has come at the cost of Amazon. Amazon’s online music share steadily increased to 11% in the first quarter of 2010. Both music stores are marching

Vendetta Essay Example for Free

Vendetta Essay 1. What period in history do you believe is portrayed in this movie? Considering the general circumstances illustrated in the movie; citizens afraid of its government, I believe, the period in history is when democracy was belittled, and government dominated with oppressive force. Since at various times the connection between V and Guy Fawkes is emphasized, the movie seems to be based on the historical event of November 5th, 1605; the date Guy Fawkes was arrested for conspiracy to blow up the parliament building. 2. Who do you believe in history does Chancellor Adam Sutler most resemble? It seems that since the period when the Guy Fawkes incident happened was when a protestant King was ruling England, Chancellor Adam Sutler equates to the figure aforementioned. However, in light of the Chancellor’s characteristics, he may represent another figure in history; Adolf Hitler. The rationale behind the link is because they both were dictators of a country that used military force to rule the country, and eradicated specific targets; for instance the gay for High Chancellor, and the Jewish for Adolf Hitler. 3. Who do the â€Å"Fingermen† represent in history? If the High Chancellor represents Adolf Hitler, the Fingermen would most likely symbolize the Nazis. The people who carried out rules, regardless of its brutality, directed by the head. 4. What or who does Lewis Prothero represent? I had heard once that in the period of the Nazi’s domination, there were a few people who expressed dissention through literary works, and since Lewis Prothero used his composition skills comically portray High Chancellor, shedding a light on the injustice of the government, from the little knowledge I have, Lewis Prothero seems to represent those who voiced their disagreement of the Nazi regime. 5. Who do the people taken into the prisons represents? There were a variety of people that were taken into prisons. First, there were those who did not fit in with the government’s ideals; most significantly gay people and those who showed objection to the government. Another group was those that became the target of a biological study. These fictional people of the movie most likely represent the victims of the Holocaust. 6. Is â€Å"V† a terrorist or is he an avenger? Why? V is both a terrorist and an avenger. V can be labeled a terrorist because he used extreme force to show his dissent with the government, injuring and murdering innocent people along with the act. However, if he were only a terrorist, he needn’t kill the specific people that took part in the biological study. 7. What has happened to the United States in this movie? The United States is portrayed to have fallen from its once superior state and failed to keep itself intact. 8. Why does â€Å"V† have such a grudge against Lewis Prothero? One main reason V has a grudge against Lewis Prothero is because he was the commanding officer of the particular prison that conducted a biological study on innocent people. Another may be because of the fact that he serves as the voice of the propagandizing the government. 9. What is Evey Hammond’s occupation and what kind of person is she in the beginning? What kind of person does she become later on? Evey Hammond holds a minor job at the broadcasting station and although she has all the reason to avenge on the government for its atrocities done on her family, she complies with the rules of the government and lives as a dutiful citizen.  However after she meets V, she loses the sense of fear she had lived with all her life, and frees her suppressed anger. 10. In whose footsteps does â€Å"V† follow? What is the date that is so important in the movie? And why is it so important? V follows the footsteps of the character of the movie he shows Evey; he chooses his idea over love. The date that keeps coming up is the 5th of November. Its role in the movie is significant because it’s the same date in history that Guy Fawkes and his accomplices planned to change the country by removing the leading people, the same objective and similar means of V’s plan.

Smoking Rates and Cessation Strategies in Hong Kong

Smoking Rates and Cessation Strategies in Hong Kong The investigation about the knowledge on the risk treatment of smoking among IVE student Group member: Au Wai Mei Au YikHin Chan Ching Yu Chan Cho Ping   Chan Chui Po   Chan Chun Sing   Chan Hiu Yee Fibby This literature can help us to clarify our project for investigate about knowledge of smoking among teenagers in IVE. Nowadays, smoking is common. Although the prevalence of smoking is decreased in recent years in HK, there is still lot of people especially teenagers smoking around us. Therefore, face this problem to reduce the rate of smoke. Prevalence of smoking in HK among teenager There were 707,900 current smokers at the time of enumeration, accounting for 11.8% of all persons aged 15 and over in Hong Kong. Of those 707 900 current smokers, 648 800 were daily smokers and 59 100 were non-daily smokers. In addition, there were 347 800ex-daily smokers who previously had a daily smoking habit, representing 5.8% of all persons aged 15 and over.Of the 645 000 daily cigarette smoker, analyzed by age group, 65.7% were aged 40 and over; 22.2% were aged 30 39; 10.7% were aged 20 29 and 1.3% were aged15 – 19((see Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong Special Administrative Region) Moreover, the daily cigarette smokers by age and daily consumption of cigarettes which is the 84.9à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦of the daily cigarette smokers consumed 1 10 cigarettes in a day in 15-19 of age group. Meanwhile, over 15à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of the daily cigarette smokers consumed more than 10 cigarettes in a day of it group. So that, we know that the prevalence and the times of smoking per day(see ASH) On the other hand,our one of objectiveis to know the reason why of smoking among teens. We searched some literatures which show the most of reason is peer influence. The other one is out of curiosity because teenagers want to try something. Other commonly cited reasons included â€Å"influence of family members, necessity in social functionsandrefreshing one’s mindetc(see Why you smoke by Gloria Meyer). Therefore, this literature can help us to do some project for investigate about knowledge of smoking among teenagers in IVE. Risk factor Passive smoking Nowadays, a lot of people have smoking habit in Hong Kong. Therefore, it will make people always exposure passive smoking via their parent, friends or outdoor environment. A recent study stated that there are about 600,000 people death of second-hand smoking and 21,400 people was got lung cancer in 2004. [seeMattias O., 2011.] It can see that passive smoking is affected our health or even will die. Compare with other study, it stated that people exposed passive smoking before age 25 that will have higher lung cancer risk than after age 25 years. [seeKofi A.,2008] It can see that people who younger than age 25 will be higher risk to get lung cancer when exposing passive smoking. On the other hand, ischemic heart disease also is a higher risk in passive smoking, there are about 379,000 people death of this disease. [seeMattias O., 2011.] In addition, one of study stated that passive smoking is associated with a small increase in the risk of coronary heart disease. [seeJIANG HE.,1999] However, this study was done a new investigation in 2005, it stated that passive smoking is rapidly affect cardiovascular system and the effect is nearly as large as smoking .[see Joaquin B.,2005.] It can see that heart disease will become a serious problem about the risk of passive smoking. Cardiovascular disease Some people may think tobacco is a great invention and there are nearly one billion people smoking in the earth. However, Tobacco contains more than 7000 chemicals and many of them are toxic.(See Benjamin, R. B.,2010) World Health Organization asserted that â€Å"Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year†. (seeTobacco, n.d.) According to the article, the main disease caused by tobacco is cancer. In America, there are near 6.5 million of people deaths caused by Smoking-related cancers since 1965 to 2014.(see Koh,H.K.,2014) Tobacco smoking can cause cancer everywhere in the body and both men and women, such as kidney, liver, bladder, trachea cancer. Lung cancer is easy to find in the smokers and nearly 9 of 10 lung cancer cause by smoking. (seeLushniak, B. L. 2014). A study has found that smoking can increase the risk factors of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, peripheral vascular disease and aortic aneurysm. (seeBullen, C. B. 2008). Although the tobacco can change the blood chemical and damage the cardio system, most of the patient can repaired the damage of cardio system after they have smoking cessation. 3.  Respiratory diseases Respiratory diseases of smoking can be divided into Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis.Smoking during pregnancy is strongly related to fetal growth impairment, reduced lung function at birth and subsequent development of asthma. In conclusion, both ETS and personal smoking were significantly related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers. (seeHedman al,2011) The development of asthma-like symptoms during a 6-year period was associated with three independent risk factors: hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, atopy, and smoking. Smoking behavior was related to airway lability, but not to atopy. (seeRasmussenet al,2000) Cigarette smoke in there more than 4000 kinds of chemical ingredients, including: nicotine, tar, a large number of toxic substances. Female smokers suffering from asthma was significantly greater than men. ( Rasmussenet al,2000) Smoking can irritate the trachea, narrowing the airway, making asthma symptoms worse. Cigarette smoke inhalation after airway, not only produces airway per manent contraction, so that they are narrow and can affect expectoration function. (see Gallagher al,2014) Prieto et al findings are in line with previous studies that demonstrated an increased responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5-monophosphate(AMP) in a proportion of nonsmokers with allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, smokers with allergic rhinitis have a higher prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, confirms the observations of the study of Buczko and Zamel.(see Prieto et al, 2003) Among children and adolescents, significant associations between both active and passive smoking and allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatitis, and passive smoking was associated with an increased risk for food allergy.(see Saulyte et al, 2014) Treatment Medication Medication therapy is an effective smoking cessation method. There are severalways to help smokers quit smoking. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is the most widely used. These medications that contain nicotine are called Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). NRT delivers nicotine to the body without the dangerous chemicals found in cigarettes. NRT is available at the pharmacy without a prescription as a nicotine inhaler (Nicorette ® Inhaler), nicotine lozenge (Nicorette ®, Thrive ®), nicotine patch (Nicoderm ®) and nicotine gum (Nicorette ®). Nicotine lozenges Nicotine lozenges are absorbed through the cheeks. When the smoker has a cigarette craving, they can use the lozenges which come in different strengths and flavours. The smoker and the health care provider can decide what strength to start with based on the smoker withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine inhaler Nicotine inhaler replaces the nicotine the smoker will get in cigarettes and other tobacco products. This inhaler is a plastic mouthpiece that the smoker puffs on. Then, put a cartridge that contains nicotine into the mouthpiece and puff. In this treatment, the nicotine is absorbed through the cheeks and the back of the throat. It does not go into the lungs. When the smoker has a cigarette craving, it can use the inhaler. Nicotine gum Nicotine gum is using for quitting smoke. Nicotine gum needs for use more than 30 minutes. When you have a craving for tobacco dependency, you can use nicotine gum for replace cigarette. Using nicotine products can prevent unpleasant craving and withdrawal symptoms. So you can quit smoke step by step. Also there have some disadvantage of nicotine gum. Nicotine gum is not suitable for wear dentures and someone doesnot like the taste of the gum. Non-medication This part is considered with the aspect of behavior. According to the research article aboutNatural history of attempts to stop smoking that shown Cessation is a more chronic, complex, and dynamic process.(see Hughes.,2014) Base on this, we are consider with what type of self-behavior should be efficacy with smoke cessation. Then, the exercise plus contingency management had been decreased craving but it did not affect smoking behavior.(see Kurti.,2014) and self-efficacy has been representing an importance source of therapeutic change in smoking cessation counseling.(see Schuck.,2014) The above treatment are not the popular treatment of the smoke cessation. An intensive training program for behavioral health professionals increased tobacco treatment and patient quit attempts.(See Williams.,2014) Through combine with self-behavior and prescribing can increase the effect. The special point of this research is needed to hire a professional to provide training to smoker. But the medications are not use. In addition, the research present that the workplace are the related issue for the smoke cessation. The workplace has potential as a setting through which large groups of people can be reached to encourage smoking cessation.(see Cahil.2013) there is the area to encourage the smoker cessation. It is likely to smoking free area that can control the smoker no smoke in this area. Conclusion Smoking is common social issue in Hong Kong and there is lots of knowledge about smoking. For the risk of smoking and passive smoking both would affect respiratory and cardiovascular system in the body. Also, it is necessary that to encourage people to quit smoking. And there are lots of cessation ways to help people quit smoking. It includes medication and non-medication aspects. The important thing is the smoker should discuss the plans to quit smoking with the health care provider and pharmacist to assess the smoker health suitable use the treatment. References: Allen, H. (2012). Nicotine products. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/medicine/Nicotine-products.htm ASH. (2014). Smoking statistics who smokes and how much. Action on smoking and health, 1-4. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_106.pdf Asomaning, K., Miller, D. P., Liu, G., Wain, J. C., Lynch, T. J., Su, L., Christiani, D. C. (2008). Second hand smoke, age of exposure and lung cancer risk. Lung Cancer. 61(1), 13-20. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515267/ Barnoya, J., Glantz, Stanton. A. (2005). Cardiovascular Effects of Secondhand Smoke: Nearly as Large as Smoking. Circulation, 111(20). Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/111/20/2684.long Benjamin, R. B. (2010). A Report of the Surgeon General How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved Oct 4, from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2010/consumer_booklet/pdfs/consumer.pdf Bullen, C. B. (2008). Impact of Tobacco Smoking And Smoking Cessation On Cardiovascular Risk And Disease. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 6(6), 883-895. Retrieved October 4, from http://www.cancernz.org.nz/Uploads/TobaccoHeartDiseasePaper.pdf Cahil, K., Lancaster, T. (2014). Workplace interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 1465-1858. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014, from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003440.pub4/pdf He, J.,Vupputuri, S.,Allen, K.,Prerost, M. R.,Hughes, J., Whelto, P. K. (1999). Passive Smoking and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease-A Meta-Analysis of EpidemiologicStudies. The New England Journal of Medicine, 340(12). Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199903253401204 Hedman, L.,Bjerg, A.,Sundberg, S.,Forsberg, B., Rà ¶nmark, E. (2010). Both environmental tobacco smoke and personal smoking is related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers. BMJ, 66(1). Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2010/11/02/thx.2010.143800 Hughes, J. R., Solomon, L. J.,Naud, S., Fingar, J. R., Helzer, J. E. Callas, P. W. (2014). Naturalhistory of attempts to stop smoking. Nicotine Tob Res, 16 (9), 1190-1198. Retrieved Oct 3, 2014, from http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=longpmid=24719491 Kenny, T. (2012). Pregnancy and Smoking. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/health/pregnancy-and-smoking Kenny, T. (2012). Smoking The Facts. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, fromhttp://www.patient.co.uk/health/smoking-the-facts Kenny, T. (2012). Tips To Help You Stop Smoking. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/health/tips-to-help-you-stop-smoking Kenny, T. (2013). Nicotine Replacement Therapy. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014,fromhttp://www.patient.co.uk/health/nicotine-replacement-therapy Kenny, T. (2013). Nicotine Replacement Therapy. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/health/nicotine-replacement-therapy Knott, L. (2013). Smoking Cessation. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/smoking-cessation-pro Koh, H. K. (2014). The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress A Report of the Surgeon General Executive Summary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 13. Retrieved Oct 4, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/exec-summary.pdf Kurti, A. N. Dallery, J. (2014). A laboratory-based evaluation of exerciseplus contingency management for reducing cigarette smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend. Retrieved Oct 3, 2014, from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0376871614010746/1-s2.0-S0376871614010746-main.pdf?_tid=d35f9bf0-5343-11e4-9e1f-00000aab0f6cacdnat=1413251330_7f7ff077eae4b5b0ffff64d105eed529 Lam, T. S., Tse, L. A., Yu, I. T. (2008). Prevalence of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and attitudes and beliefs towards tobacco control among Hong Kong medical students. ScienceDirect, 1-5. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.sph.cuhk.edu.hk/mph/doc/TS Forrest Lam.pdf Lushniak, B. L. (2014). LET’S MAKE THE NEXT GENERATION TOBACCO-FREE Your Guide to the 50th Anniversary Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved Oct 4, 2014, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/consumer-guide.pdf MCGHEE, S. M., CHEN, J., LAM, T. H., LAU, L., LAI, V. (2014). Expansion of Statutory Smoke-free Area and Tobacco Tax Raise. Tobacco Control Policy-related Survey 2012-2013. Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health, 167-195. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.cosh.org.hk/UserFiles/resources/about_us/annual_reports/COSH_Annual_Report_2013_2014.pdf Meyer, G., Baker, T., Fox, B., Smith, S., Fiore, M., Meyer, G., Redmond, L., Remington, P., Ahrens, D., Christianson, A. (2002). Why People Smoke. INSIGHTS: SMOKING IN WISCONSIN. Deb Christianson, 1-16. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.ctri.wisc.edu/Publications/publications/WhyPeopleSmokefl.pdf Note: smoking cessation medication Oberg, M., Jaakkola, M. S., Woodward, A., Peruga, A., Pruss-Ustun, A. (2011). Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. The Lancet, 377, 139–146. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/smoking.pdf Okuyemi, K. S.,Zheng, H.,Guo, H., Ahluwalia, J. S. (2010). Predictors of adherence to nicotine gumand counseling among African-American light smokers. J Gen Intern Med, 25(9), 969-976. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917663/ Polosa, R.,Knoke, J. D.,Russo, C.,Piccillo, G.,Caponnetto, P.,Sarvà  , M.,Proietti, L., Al-Delaimy, W. K. (2008). Cigarette smokingisassociatedwith agreaterrisk ofincidentasthmainallergic rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 121(6), 1428-1434. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(08)00593-9/abstract Prieto, L.,Gutià ©rrez, V.,Uixera, S.,Bertà ³, J.M. (2003). Effectofcigarette smokingonairwayresponsivenesstoadenosine5-monophosphateinsubjectswithallergic rhinitis. Chest Journal, 123(4), 993-997. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1081484 Rasmussen, F.,Siersted, H.C.,Lambrechtsen, J.,Hansen, H. S., Hansen, N.C. (2000). Impact of airway lability, atopy, and tobacco smoking on the development of asthma-like symptoms in asymptomatic teenagers. Chest Journal, 117(5), 1330-1335. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1078840 Saulyte, J.,Regueira, C.,Montes-Martà ­nez, A.,Khudyakov, P.,Takkouche, B.(2014). Active or Passive Exposure to Tobacco Smoking and Allergic Rhinitis, Allergic Dermatitis, and Food Allergy in Adults and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLSO, 11(3). Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001611 Schuck, K., Otten, R., Kleinjan, M., Bricker, J. B., Engels, R. C. (2014). Self-efficacy and acceptance of cravings to smoke underlie the effectiveness of quitline counseling for smoking cessation. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 142, 269-276. Retrieved Oct 5, 2014, from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0376871614009600/1-s2.0-S0376871614009600-main.pdf?_tid=51a32126-5344-11e4-8f4b-00000aab0f6bacdnat=1413251542_34aea21f4d3dddca1699faa1a5ae933b Sheyab, N. A., Alomari, M. A., Shah, S., Gallagher, P., Gallagher, R. (2014). Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(9), 9008-9023. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/9/9008 Social Surveys Section. (2013). Thematic Household Survey Report No. 53.Pattern of smoking. Publications Unit of CSD, 8-33. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B11302532013XXXXB0100.pdf Tobacco. (2014). Retrieved Oct 4, 2014, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/ Williams, J. M., Miskimen, T., Minsky, S., Cooperman, N. A., Miller, M., Dooley Budsock, P., Cruz, J., Steinberg, M. (2014). Increasing Tobacco Dependence Treatment Through Continuing Education Training for Behavioral Health Professionals. Psychiatric Services, 10, 1176. Retrieved Oct 5, 2014, from http://ps.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=1906076

Dealing with Death in Whitman’s O Captain! My Captain! and Tennyson’s C

Dealing with Death in Whitman’s O Captain! My Captain! and Tennyson’s Crossing the Bar Life and death are recurring topics in literature; they are not often referred to directly, but are inferred from figurative language. In Walt Whitman’s poem entitled â€Å"O Captain! My Captain† from his anthology of poems, Leaves of Grass, he describes the passing of Abraham Lincoln through the use of an extended metaphor. Similarly, â€Å"Crossing the Bar,† by Lord Alfred Tennyson, from his collection of poetry, Demeter and Other Poems, alludes to one’s preparation for his or her own death. At times, the two authors utilize similar techniques, employing various figurative language devices such as extended metaphors, diction and format, which all work to highlight their differences in meaning. Through the use of imagery, the authors’ poems invoke various emotions but end up leading to the discussion of two different journeys, one that is elegiac in memory of a historical figure, and the other applicable to all those who are facing death. The two poems share some common characteristics, as both make nautical references and deal with various stages of death. The two authors use capitalization to place emphasis on the titles of the characters in the poem. As in Whitman’s poem, he addresses the subject of the poem as â€Å"O Captain! My Captain,† who is the one leading the â€Å"ship† (2) that is nearing the port. This is an allusion to President Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States after the Civil War. Tennyson’s poem discusses the time when one will be â€Å"put out to sea† (4) to see the â€Å"Pilot face to face† (15). The subject in Tennyson’s poem lacks a name, and therefore can be applied to any individual, but the â€Å"Pilot† (15) refers to t... ...n, metaphors and imagery to memorialize the fallen captain, Abraham Lincoln and to give him the proper praise for his work for the United States. Tennyson’s subject is preparing for the end of his time, which is demonstrated through word choice and imagery. Through the use of literary devices, one can see the true similarities between the two poems, as both discuss death related topics through nautical metaphors, but also highlight the true differences in themes and meanings between Whitman and Tennyson’s poems. Works Cited Alfred Lord Tennyson. Ed. J.D. Robins. 1997. University of Toronto. 28 Oct. 2002 Walt Whitman. Ed. Ian Lancashire. 2002. University of Toronto. 28 Oct. 2002 4713 1 Marlow ENGL.12.05

Analysis the Song “The Way We Were” Essay

There is a song—a love song that has touched several hundred thousand audiences’ hearts; it expresses the overflowing feelings of a woman who used to live in her intense true love. â€Å"The Way We Were,† by Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, and Marvin Hamlisch illustrates the innermost emotions and regret of a middle-aged woman when she reflects on the youth which she had gone through. This song has a light beat and slow tempo forming delightful sensations for the listeners, but it also leaves audiences a profound message to think about. Sophisticated audiences may find themselves in the song. It brings out fervor, especially for people who have been living in love. Marilyn Bergman uses simple words, but it is very touching and emotive. Basically, it is a classical song which was played by symphony orchestras and performed by Barbra Streisand. By just looking at the lyrics, one would feel the sentimental soul and an introspective mind of a sensitive woman. In the first line of the song, she writes â€Å"Memories, light the corners of my mind. Misty watercolor memories of the way we were. These memories have been engraved in her heart; they are neither gloomy nor euphoric, but they are vivid images which she wants to repress in the most innermost sphere of her mind. It is not just something very hurtful; it is not blissful to think of either. Her feeling is a mixture of nostalgia, melancholy, and a little bit of regret that is rushing through her body. Former familiar scenes were depicted in her mind, but, somehow, t hey are both painted with watercolor and blurred, symbolizing a mystical ethereal world that solely exists in her imagination and belongs to her only. Near the middle of the song she wonders, â€Å"If we had the chance to do it all again. Tell me would we? Could we? † She already knows her former love would never come back again; the melody sounds like she is missing and regretting her loss of love. The term â€Å"Would we? Could we? † is deliberately sung slowly and softly as mumbling is also a way to convey her thoughts. Despite her haunting regret, she prefers keeping that regret to making up her love again because she knows wistful moments and romantic longings that she has right now wouldn’t exist if her love remained today. It is such an uncanny feeling and an agonizing struggle between the logic and the sentiment of a human being. The last couple lines expose changes in her mood, â€Å"Memories may be beautiful and yet what’s too painful to remember. We simply choose to forget, so it’s the laughter we will remember whenever we remember the way we were. † She used to live in love with both happiness and bitterness, but she had to learn how to forget unpleasant experiences to keep the most exquisite feelings inside herself. Does she â€Å"simply† choose to forget? It is not something easy to do. The way Barbra Streisand sings shows internal struggling when she decides to get rid of mental pains. The word â€Å"laughter† here is not simply something funny and delightful to laugh at; it is also a pang of remorse and regret about the love and the youth that are gone from her life. Marilyn Bergman used simple words to describe emotion of the woman in this song, so it is quite easy for listeners to apprehend the meaning; however, its melody and the way Barbra Streisand performs it, the most essential factor, helps the song convey the message to audiences . The intended stress in every single word of her lyrics is absolutely touching. For example, the word â€Å"smiles† in the second line was purposely lengthened to give a hint to the audiences so that they can comprehend the whole significance of the song. It is a beautiful song evoking diverse memories for listeners. Each listener will feel and interpret the song in different ways depending on their character and their personal experiences. However, one thing for sure is that these audiences will feel more appreciative of people around them so that they will not be regretful later on.

Observing Children

Three observations of child development. This is an assignment consisting of three observations pertaining to a child’s development in three core areas, specifically, a young person’s social, emotional and physical maturity. Firstly it contemplates the social development of a four year old boy in an educational nursery setting, via an observation utilizing the narrative technique. Secondly the intellectual (cognitive) development of a five year old girl is reflected upon in a home setting, using the sampling approach.Finally the physical maturity of a four year old boy is considered in a home setting, using the checklist method. These individual records highlight areas that are deemed to be pertinent to the applicable study, drawing conclusions and evaluating how the findings are relevant. These inferences are supported by appropriate theory, before conferring recommendations correlating to the observation, considering future needs/requirements. Observation one: Social development. Name of observer: Lee Bogan. Name of child: O. Age of child: Four years, two months.Gender: Male. Time observation started: 9. 15. Time observation finished: 9. 45 Method: Narrative. Number of children: 5. Number of Adults: 2. Date: October 2009. Background: Child O is an only child from a single parent family and spends a lot of time with his mother and grandmother. He also suffers from a disorder which is supposed to infringe upon his social development. Aim: To observe a child aged four years two months playing outdoors in a nursery with other children, concentrating on and highlighting the preschooler’s social development.Objective: To assess O’s confidence in concordance with his ability to develop friendships and interact with peers. Setting: Educational nursery for children aged between three and four. There are places for thirty children in a session, six of which are allocated to resource children who may or may not come from the local area. Brief description: O is outside playing with plastic crates and planks of wood. There are other children in the same vicinity also playing with the materials. Description: O is making a structure comprising of plastic crates and wooden planks.He asks another child for ‘a hand’. This request is not acted upon. It becomes apparent that the edifice being constructed is a bridge when O discusses which way the bridge should face with the supervising adult, who offers him guidance and advice. O then exclaims he’ll ‘move this’, picking up a plastic crate, followed by a plank of wood, creating a new fraction of the bridge. This is achieved devoid of any assistance from other children and with a small amount of structured direction from the attentive adult. Subsequently O directs another child who is holding a plank of wood, asserting ‘put it here’.O then proceeds to move a plastic crate and wooden plank in order to adjoin it to a nearby slide that an other child is utilizing. He reiterates ‘give me a hand somebody, I need a hand’. This request is again to no avail. Hereafter O manipulates a cart/pram to reposition a plastic crate which he complements with a wooden plank, resulting in the formation of an extension to the bridge. Other children meanwhile are exploiting the sections of the bridge that have already been assembled. O gives the cart/ pram to another child. He is then asked to ring the bell to signify that it is time to tidy up.O smiles and walks over to where the bell is located. He elevates and rings the bell, smiling. The supervising adult recompenses this action/behaviour with the words ‘well done’. Evaluation: O appears confident around his peers. He explicitly asks for assistance moving building materials on numerous occasions demonstrating that he is not adverse to entering into communication and initiating social interaction with others. He fundamentally invites other children to inter act with him, though the other children appear to either not have heard the requests made or chose to ignore them.Given the close proximity of the other children, the latter scenario appears to be most likely. That ascertained, it could be construed that child O was in fact a socially ‘neglected’ child amongst his peer group (Coie, Dodge & Coppotelli, 1982). This research describes socially ‘neglected’ children as children who are neither ‘a liked nor disliked companion and appear almost invisible to their peers’. This implies that ‘neglected’ children are not being rejected by peers as they are not disliked; they are not recognised as being either socially favourable or unfavourable.Coie & Dodge (1983) actually stipulate that children who are disliked fall into the category of ‘rejected’ children and furthermore their research avers that it is far more advantageous to be ‘neglected’ as opposed to ‘r ejected’. This is asserted to be accurate as Cassidy & Asher (1992) and Crick & Ladd (1993) suggest that ‘neglectees do not feel as lonely as rejectees’. Moreover, ‘neglected’ children are far more likely to ‘attain a more favourable sociometric status’ in comparison to ‘rejected’ children, should they enrol into a new play group (Coie & Dodge, 1983).O also appears to be confident when talking and interacting with the adult supervising the play area. When deciding which direction the bridge should rotate towards O listens to the adult and uses their advice to deduce an appropriate conclusion to the immediate problem, declaring, ‘I’ll move this’. It can be intimated from this that O is confident in his own decision making and not afraid to act upon his own rationale of situations. He interacts well and shows purpose and persistence in his behaviour towards the task being undertaken. The way O interacts wit h other children during his play is perplexing.For the majority of the time he is engaged in his own solitary play, also referred to as ‘non-social activity’ (Parten, 1932). This would infer that child O was not succeeding in or attempting to develop friendships with others, however, it could be insinuated that this is not the case. Although he does spend a large majority of his time in what Parten (1932) depicts as either ‘non-social’ (solitary play) or ‘parallel’ (when children play side by side but interact little and do not try to influence the behaviour of others) play, O does display behaviour in the most advanced phase of Parten’s (1932) stages of play; ‘ co-operative play’. Co-operative play’ incorporates children collaborating to achieve shared goals (Parten, 1932). O asks for assistance on numerous occasions with the building of the bridge, as highlighted earlier, effectively inviting the other children to w ork with him to build the bridge. The other children appear to ignore him, isolating him from the rest of the group, but it could be reasoned that this is not a reflection of O’s ability to initiate interaction and form friendships but rather a reflection of the way the rest of the group appear to perceive and ignore him.The same can be derived from the behaviour O displays when he gives the pram/cart to another child (sharing toys) and gets no feedback from the beneficiary by way of acknowledgment/thank you, or by the gesture of moving the bridge over to the slide; this could be perceived as an attempt to allow the other children to interact and socialise with him but they instead choose to ignore him, nevertheless exploiting and utilizing the apparatus he has just made accessible to them. O also gives direction to another child in relation to where the plank of wood they are holding should be positioned.This again can be identified to be the more advanced stage of play in f our year olds, according to Parten (1932), as it does not fall into the category of ‘non-social’ or ‘parallel play’ since it incorporates other children. Conclusion: O does display behaviour associated with the social developmental norms for four year olds stipulated by Riddall-Leech (2008) in demonstrating that he is ‘confident’ showing ‘purpose and persistence’ as well as showing willingness to ‘develop friendships with peers’.He also shows signs of ‘co-operative play’ (Parten, 1932). However, it is apparent that his peers are not receptive to his attempts at initiating social interaction. From the information gathered it could be argued that this is due to the other children ‘neglecting’ (Coie & Dodge, 1983) O in favour of other more auspicious companions.The fact that O also mainly interacts with adults outside of the nursery setting as he is an only child from a single parent family, who spends most of his time with his mother and grandmother, may have an impact on the way he interacts and the language he uses. This may be ‘alien’ to other children who regularly socialise with both adults and children alike, isolating O from the other children, who could be unsure of how to socialise with him.Recommendations: It could be deemed beneficial for O to socialise with another group of children as Coie & Dodge (1983) express that children ‘neglected’ by their companions can gain an improved ‘sociometric’ status and increased social acceptance within a group of new peers. This would not necessarily mean O leaving the nursery; on the contrary, this could be achieved via involvement in a club/social activity outside of the nursery. Some kind of social interaction with children outside of the nursery in any situation could be perceived to be beneficial in helping O’s social development.

Mcdonald’s Manipulation

Manipulation It's not always so easy to spot the tactics companies use to advertise. Many consumers may believe it's the design or the neatness of an advertisement that sells the products. Although the neatness and boldness of color of the two burgers being displayed help to draw the attention of the consumer, it is not always what is noticed right away that wins someone over.Consensus, Reciprocation, Commitment, and Availability, are all advertisement principles effectively being used in this McDonald's advertisement in order to get their food into the stomachs of as many consumers they possibly can. The bold green color of the lettuce all the way to the whiteness of the sesame seeds are portrayed perfectly to entice the consumer. Companies such as McDonald's take days of preparation work to perfectly put together these uneatable sandwiches being shown in the advertisement. With some paint and a little glue the consumer gets the illusion of a perfect sandwich.What may not be noticed right away, above the one burger is a stamp that says â€Å"100 % Angus† and â€Å"NeW' (McDonald's) and inside the stamp is the letter A, in this sense McDonald's is sing the Consensus Principles by appearing to be dominate in their beef. By saying that their burgers are 100 % Angus beef, gives no room for a competitor to have a more premium Angus burger, meaning McDonald's must have the best. Let's say at this point McDonald's has gotten the attention of the consumer. They might start getting hungry but their still not dead set on going to Mucky Ad's.That's why companies like McDonald's use more than one advertisement principle to try to reel the consumer in. Reciprocation is probably the most successful of the advertisement principles for a fast food chain. The reciprocation principle, â€Å"Which suggests that we are obligated to give back to others the form of behavior that they have given to us. So if someone does us a favor we are significantly more likely to say ye s when they ask for a favor in return. â€Å"(Calling) Fast food chains like McDonald's use this very successful advertisement tactic by using coupons.Coupons are incentives for consumers that make the consumer almost compelled to buy. Some companies may give out a coupon that gives a discount on an item or a consumer may get a coupon to get something free with the purchase of another item. In the eyes of the consumer they are getting something for free, and free is always good. In the lower corner of this McDonald's advertisement is an example of the reciprocation principle. McDonald's offers a coupon that can be cut out and taken into the store to redeem a free chicken sandwich with the purchase of another chicken sandwich.So at the price of one chicken sandwich the consumer now has two. This is not only beneficial for the consumer but also for the company, now they have the business of the consumer. McDonald's and similar companies understand that by getting the consumer to come n and get their free chicken sandwich, a whole world of possibilities has now been opened. Now the consumer is wondering do they want fries on the side and what do they want to drink. Commitment, not to be confused with reciprocation, is another advertisement principle that can be associated with coupons.On the bottom corner opposite the side of the chicken sandwich coupon is an example of McDonald's trying to get the consumer more committed towards them. They offer a free Big Mac sandwich with no purchase necessary, the catch is to obtain the burger first the consumer has to register on their internet webbing. This is a great strategy used by many companies. What makes this such a great advertisement principle is the fact that once the consumer registers they are in the clutch of McDonald's for good.With the email address the consumer registered with or the address they gave them the consumer is sure to see many more advertisements follow. The repetition of advertisement after adv ertisement would have an enormous influence on the consumer to buy more in the future, maybe even if a consumer was unsatisfied with the initial visit by repeating the reciprocation principle. Although the coupons may ever stop coming in they do have an expiration date which brings us to the last of the advertisement principles McDonald's uses in this particular advertisement, Availability.This particular advertisement from McDonald's doesn't use much of the availability principle except having only a limited time to use the chicken sandwich coupon. This is an effective strategy by making many consumers want to come in quick and use their coupons, and in partner with the commitment principle the coupons keep coming in making a loop. In similar McDonald's advertisements they may advertise that the Mac' Rib is back for a limited time to get it while it lasts. Consumers are always eager to try a limited time offer in fear of never having the chance again.

Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trusts - Essay Example There are a number of benefits where trust is concerned. For instance, specific terms can be made hence controlling who or when distributions can be made (Ramjohn, 8). Agatha was a renowned business woman in London who was believed to be without parents and grew up in the streets. She had a fleet of public transit buses, 20 business stores, 5 clothing lines, and 30 restaurants among others. As fate would have it, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer final stages. Like any other person would do, she knew that she had to leave a responsible person to manage the assets. Her firstborn son was business oriented. Her youngest daughter was barely 16 years old. In her trust therefore, she let his son benefit from the business stores and the public transit buses only when he would marry and have at least one child. The rest of the property was a trust for her daughter Eva, after completing her master’s level of education so that she would be at a better position to manage. This infor mation was taken with great amazement by her children as none of them had any idea in the first place how much their mother had left for them. She had not shown any signs that she was leaving anything behind for them as they knew that she owned nothing much. Meanwhile, the family lawyer was left in charge of all property. A trust that is properly structured can protect an asset the creditors of the beneficiary or beneficiaries who are not at a position to wisely manage their money. A trust can also be allowed to change from a public record and become private (Watt & Todd, 20). Robert was brought up from a very rich background. However, due to peer influence and the fact that his parents never denied him anything, he turned out to be an arrogant man and a drunk. Unfortunately, his parents were involved in a road accident and were pronounced dead at the arrival of the hospital. As the only child, he was placed on a trust for the family business, a top cream 5 star hotel, only when he would stop taking alcohol and own up. When Robert learnt about the trust, he was taken aback. He never would have thought that his parents would ever make him a beneficiary for anything due to his irresponsible behavior. It took him a few days and Robert sought ways of becoming sober. The board of the hotel was therefore placed in charge until then (Watt & Todd, 45). Types of trusts Marital Trust- this is whereby the beneficiary is the surviving spouse. Adam, a mechanical engineer working for Ford Motors Company, has been overly ill. At the time of his date, he made a trust for his wife as a beneficiary of all his businesses which was approximated to be about a $2,000,000. This was done by Adam without his wife’s knowledge with his reason being that she may not carry his wishes to terms. He made his wife the beneficiary so that she would be at a position to educate their two children, Paul and Eva. Adam knew his wife too well and there was no other kin he had in mind to carry such obligations rather than his wife. Adam had not given his wife reason to believe that he would place a trust on for her. At first, his wife thought it was a big joke the minute she learnt about the figure placed in her trust. That is the time that she realized how much her husband believed in her. Charitable lead trust- This kind of trust allows some benefits or assets to go to charity and what remains can go to the beneficiaries (Clements & Ademola, 121). Thomas is a person who has worked at a number of hospitals. The last years of his living, he worked for Penzance hospital. He has several houses in St Ives and Penzance. In his will, Thomas decided to place a trust for charity in the Cornwall County. The charity was to

The Experience Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Experience Economy - Essay Example The importance of themes can be seen in the success that businesses that have identified a right theme for their business activity have attained. It is this right theme that gives customers something to associate with the business activities of the business enterprise. Very common examples of this are eateries that have identified a theme and built their business activities around such a theme. Customers coming to such eateries attracted by the theme put out like Hard Rock Cafà © or the House of Blues and continue coming there because the experiences there have appealed to all the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. Chapter One on â€Å"Welcome to the Experience Economy† attempts to convey the message or argument that experiences are a clear and distinct economic offering and provides the means for future economic growth against stagnation since the agrarian economy and the scale economy of industrialization. The book starts with these words â€Å"Commoditized. No company wants that word applied to its goods or services†. (p.1). However, that is exactly what has happened. With the sole concentration on price there is hardly any differentiation between products and services and so margins crash. Coffee is a true commodity. Yet, it also offers to be a commodity, good, or service depending on the how customers can be made to attribute value to it. Sold as coffee beans it remains a commodity, but as coffee powder it becomes a good. However, sold in a restaurant the value of ambience lifts the value of a cup of coffee sold and provides a sensation of experience to the cup of coffee thr ough teasing the senses, through theatre experience or the like and thus the value of the cup of coffee rises even further. This is the economic offering that experience offers and the basis of the experience economy of the authors. In Chapter Two on â€Å"Setting the Stage† the authors try to reinforce this message by taking and demonstrating with examples