The English Reformation Essay -- Literary Analysis, Dickens

The book I chose to review for this assignment is entitled The English Reformation by author A. G. Dickens. The book describes the processes that led to religious transformations and provides an excellent overview on the Reformation in England. The work thoroughly analyzes the political, economical and social aspects of the Reformation in the sixteenth century. The English Reformation, first published in 1964 is a great source of information for anyone who is interested in the history of the religious transition and change. The author of The English Reformation aims to analyze and explain the complex processes that have taken place during the reign of Henry VIII and his successors. He investigates the background and defines conditions for the religious transformation. A. G. Dickens set out to carefully examine the complex processes of the English Reformation by describing the state of the religious affairs in the late medieval England. He believes that traditional catholic religion was to some extent based on superstitious beliefs and folk‘s legends. He begins his book by telling a story of a knight who robs passing travelers but maintains a pious vigil to Virgin Mary. His devotion to Holy Mother professed by his daily prayers saves him physically and spiritually. The knight is warned of the mortal danger and allowed to change his conducts. It seems that these kinds of legends mixed with Christian sentiments were commonly absorbed by people. A. G. Dickens writes: â€Å"†¦its e ffort to attain salvation through devout observance, its fantastic emphasis on saints, relics and pilgrimages...† (4). These views were contrasted with the ideas of Lollards and the teachings of John Wycliffe. Their emphasis on sole aut... ...n that Lollardy consists mainly of artisans and tradesmen. It seems that the rebellious ideas might have originated with educated individuals but were propagated by commoners. A. G. Dickens proves that social and economic prominence was significant in spreading the protestant ideas. He writes: â€Å"Tudor provincial society contained large mobile elements and the part played by wandering cloth-workers in the dissemination of heresy has already been observed.†(33). The English Reformation by A. G. Dickens is an extensive and thorough account of the political and religious reality of sixteenth century England. The work examines and describes all processes that led to the religious transformation. The great events of the Henry’s reign are explained carefully, comprehensively and clearly, making the work highly regarded analysis of the English Reformation.

Victors and Vanquished

The Spanish conquest of Mexico is an epic story that is understudied. The historical documents recounting the events are either written through the memory of the conquerors or the conquered, and as a result there is a great disparity in the facts, those facts changing depending on which side produced the documents. We will take a look at several of the documents published in Victors and Vanquished from both the Spanish and Nahua perspectives, analyzing them for bias, lessons learned, as well as the different contrasts between different perspectives. In addition I think it is important to look at the overall motivation behind the Spanish conquest. In Bernal Diaz second writing in the book he speaks of the Spanish movement from Santa Maria de la Victoria to San Juan de Ulua. When The Spaniards arrive they have their first meeting with representatives from Moctezuma. According to Diaz, Cortez treats the ambassadors very well, and it seems that Cortez is quite intended on making a good impression with Montezuma as well as the locals, confessing that they are there to simply trade with the Indians. When Montezuma’s ambassadors return from delivering Cortez’ message to their king, they bring back a good amount of treasures with them. The ambassadors also tell Cortez that Montezumadoes not think an interview is necessary. This is an interesting statement and something that I believe may have shown the hidden motivations behind Montezuma’s thinking. I have to wonder if Montezuma was hoping that if he sent an acceptable amount of gold and some kind words the Spaniards would accept it graciously and be on their way. When a person in power says something along the lines of, â€Å"an interview is not necessary (pp 90),† it is a nice way of saying, â€Å"I do not want to be interviewed. † Political correctness is not something that is new to modern times. Unfortunately for Montezuma, by sending all that gold, his plan backfired as the Spaniards noted that with the helmet filled with fine grains of gold it, â€Å"showed us that there were good mines there. † (pp 89-90) Shortly after this, Cortez informs Montezumaof his strong intentions on meeting him. Another interesting fact is that Cortez seems very focused on imparting the idea that he is there with peaceful intentions, despite the eight hundred Indians he had left dead in Tabasco. I can understand Cortez’ desire to trade and explore a new country with new people, but the bottom line is that he had more on his mind than trading and exploration. He and his men had received a less than warm welcome in Tabasco, and rather than find another route or turn back (which of course they couldn’t do) they opted instead to kill around eight hundred of the indigenous peoples. When Montezuma sent that helmet filled with gold to Cortez I believe he sealed his fate. Cortez’ acts of kindness from that point forward were a means to an end, a necessary deposit on what he hoped to be a big payoff. The next few writings I’d like to look at deal with the Chalula massacre. In Adres de Tapia’s account of the incident the Cholulans put up a very friendly front, but are however plotting to kill the conquistadors all along. The Plot is uncovered through Dona Marina (Cortez translator and mother to his son) once the conquistadors are informed of the plot they confront the Chalulan warriors (who were at the time under the guise of slaves). They end up locking the warriors in a courtyard and then according to de Tapia, â€Å"he ordered most of the lords to be killed. † (pp 118) Then the Spaniards and Indians (Tlaxcalans) went throughout the city, â€Å"killing warriors and burning houses. † (pp 118) De Tapia makes it sound as if the Spaniards were simply executing those guilty of treason and lies. However I think one has to question if the destruction of the entire city was necessary. Along with this, the Tlaxcalans were cited to have made off, â€Å"with a great amount of plunder. † (pp 118) It is hard for me to believe that while the Tlaxcalans were making off with all that plunder, the conquistadors were standing by not indulging themselves. In my opinion, the Tlaxcalans provide a good scapegoat for the conquistadors. The other side of this story written by Sahagun offers some key differences (as expected). Sahagun’s story is much simpler than de Tapia’s with the conquistadors arriving in Cholula and having been previously warned by the Tlaxcalans that, â€Å"the Cholulans are very evil; they are our enemies. † (pp 121) They simply issue a general summons for the higher ranking officials and warriors to assemble in the courtyard and slaughter them followed by the city. According to Sahugun the Chalulans were not even armed. Sahagun goes on to describe the conquistadors as a war machine. Mentioning all the iron incorporated with their weapons and armor, and making it sound like they steamrolled through Chalula which was a small bump on their way to Mexico. One interesting fact is that in this account there is no mention of the plunder that Diaz had mentioned. Given the Nahua’s obvious spite for the conquistadors it seems likely that they would take every opportunity to mention all the negative aspects of the Spanish conquest. This leads you to believe they either did not know about it, or it didn’t happen (most likely the former. They do make mention of the conquistadors greed when shortly after Montezuma sent them gold gifts and, â€Å"Like monkeys the grabbed the gold. It was as though their hearts were put to rest. † (pp 122) The Spaniards entry into Tenochtitlan was initially surprisingly peaceful. With each leader feeling out the other, Montezuma especially seems to be very cordial toward the Spaniards treating them as teules (gods). This sh aky peace ends abruptly with a bloodbath during the fiesta of Huitzilopochtli. There are three documents dealing with this massacre that I’d think are important to look over. All the documents are fairly short in length, but there are a lot of things to consider. The first document written by Francisco Lopez de Gomara (whom Bernal Diaz often mentions with disdain) discusses the fiesta covering some of the rituals and dances, then quickly progresses to the Indian murders. The only motivation Gomara offers as to why the Spanish so abruptly decided to abandon peace was that, â€Å"they coveted their gold and jewels. (pp 162) Thus the Spaniards locked the doors to the temple and murdered all that were inside taking from them their treasures. Given the conquistadors track record up to this point it is not unbelievable that this could happen, but I find myself wondering if there wasn’t something more persuading them. The Florentine Codex and the Codex Aubin which both cover the massacre from a Nahua perspective are very similar to that of Gomaraâ€℠¢s with no real outstanding differences. This begs the question, was the treasure present at the ceremony reason enough to attack? I think that question is answered in another source. Bernal Diaz while describing the initial entry of the Spaniards into Tenochtitlan seems to be fairly peaceful as mentioned before. There is, however a turning point is his writings. The Spaniards find a cemented door near there quarters in the city and end up breaking into it, only to discover a large storehouse of treasure. The description of the vast quantities of gold was like a dream. Immediately after this discovery the Spaniards start to feel like they are wearing out their welcome, and that the Aztecs are becoming more hostile toward them. This should not be surprising given that they had broken into the Aztecs treasure vault, of sorts. However the conquistadors discovery of the chamber seems to be the major turning point in the relations between the Aztecs and the Spaniards and is what I believe led to the massacre and ventual conquer of the empire. In my opinion the Spaniards greed was ultimately one of the biggest driving forces behind the destruction of the Aztec empire. When analyzing historical documents it is very difficult to try and read between the lines and separate fact from fiction. Undoubtedly emotions and time cloud people’s memories. However with so many various sources I think you begin to realize the truth stereotypically resides somewhere close to the middle.

Event Planning - 1295 Words

EVENT PLANNING FINAL Antonio Mazzone Professor Roy February 3, 2013 TWO DAY MICROSOFT CONFERENCE Tuesday February 14, 2013 1st Meeting Time Activity 7:00 A.M. - 8:00 A.M. Breakfast 8:00 A.M. Room check: beverage, AV, tables/chairs 9:00 A.M. Photographer, videographer meeting 10:00 A.M. Security in place Speaker dry run: Speaker schedule 11:00 A.M. Voice mail to the staff person 12:00 A.M.- 1:00 A.M. Review special event line-up: entertainment Need prep room, food service, special needs/dà ©cor Lunch : AmericaFood 1:00 P.M. Brief meeting 2:00 P.M.-5:00†¦show more content†¦Invitations 3133 Swiss Park Chinatown, TX 777813 February 12, 2013 Dear Mr. Gates We will like to invite you to our computer security conference in Beijing Jade Palace on February 13, 2013 at 9:00 am for 2 days. Microsoft Corporation has been our partner for many years and we are honored to invite to the event. We look forward to continuing our excellent business relationship that has stood the test of time. For years our company has been your main supplier and it brings us a great joy. At the event the changes taking place due to the changes in regulations will be discussed and a new business strategy will be discussed according to the new laws. We are hopeful of participation from Microsoft Company. Do let us know in advance that who will be representing Microsoft Corporation. Please let us know in advance that will be coming and representing your company. Sincerely Yours, Antonio Mazzone Reference: http://www.stepbystep.com/business-meeting-email-invitation-21986/ Transportation: Microsoft Company has provided a shuttle service. The bus will run between the hours of 9: 00 am to 6:00 pm. The shuttle can be used to pick up the guests from them airport and take them to the airport when departing. 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Throwing a party at home means lots of work. The hosts have to ensure that they have all the necessary items ready so that their event is a successful one and all the guests are happy and comfortable. Whether it is a small family event or a large wedding extravaganza, the hosts need to plan things in advance. The party planning includes everything from the catering utensils rental to proper seating arrangement. InRead MoreThe Convention And Event Planning Industry995 Words   |  4 Pages(â€Å"Fun†). The convention and event-planning industry is not an industry that quickly comes to mind when one thinks of employment groups. The studies shows that the convention and event-planning is time consuming but this particular caterogy of business will later help the business industry. The process of creating a successful convention takes time and effort. In the process of planning a convention, it must have a vision and layout of the event. To organize an event one must first answer the questions

The rich and the poor - class-conscious on income...

For the purpose of this essay this scholar will focus on an article that addresses population in the news. It is this scholar’s intent to discuss the subject matter in the article and specifically highlight the statistical information related to its findings. According to a January 12, 2012 New York Times article written by Sabrina Tavernise there is a rising perception of class tensions between the rich and the poor due to income inequalities. This opinion stems from the results of a survey that was conducted early in December of last year. The main idea on this article was to convey a message that there is a rise in people’s perception of class tension between the rich and the poor because of income inequalities. The author’s†¦show more content†¦Background The article was based on a Pew Research Center telephone survey conducted by Mr. Rich Morin, a senior editor at Pew Social Demographics Trends. The survey polled a sample of 2,048 adults during 6 to 19 December 2011. The survey had a margin of error of plus or minus three percentage points for the results based on the sample. The same was conducted by calling the subjects that were living in the continental United States. Out of the 2,048 subjects, 769 were called on a landline and the remaining 1,279 were called on a cellular phone. In addition, the survey included a oversample of 808 adults within the ages of 18 and 34. Still, the main sample for the survey was a cross section of 2,048 adults. According to the survey’s composition and as it is in many cases with most polls, this sample is statistically representative of adults across the country, accurately reflecting the gender, age, educational, geographical, and racial makeup. As aforementioned, the survey poll had a oversample, which means that at times pollsters take additional samples of a sub-population over the original portion of the main sample with the intent to reduce variances of important statistics of a target sub-population. 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The Career Development Of Byu - 1599 Words

Coming to BYU I had no plans for my future. I had worked so hard to get into BYU, that when I finally got here I was lost. Thankfully the Marriott school hires great advisors to help point us in the right direction, and when I found out about recreations management and the jobs it leads to, everything seem to line up. While I had finally decided on the major I wanted, the professional career exploration allowed me to further dive into the careers and plan my future. In this report I have listed out three potential jobs, with their own specific details, the interview I did with a previous graduate of the program who worked with venue planning, why I believe a career in recreation management is valuable, and finally a five-year plan of where†¦show more content†¦They are masters of innovating experiences, organization, and planning and usually have an average salary of $46,490 per year. Now up to 44% projected growth, the field is growing at an exponential rate. Sports Managem ent Sports already are a vital part of my life, I would love for an opportunity to work behind the scenes to help bring the same joy to other people. Sport managers do a variety of work, from sports marketing to working with corporate sponsorships, and work at almost any level, from college to professional. Personally I would love to work in the college level, maybe even for BYU, managing their sports teams as they continue to improve. Most sport managers have a bachelor’s degree in sports management, emphasizing classes like Promotion and human resource management, and are certified in CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and AED (automated external defibrillator). Sports managers are very effective in promotions for their team, writing press releases, and managing their facilities, and have an average salary range of $28,696-$51,000 a year. The sports industry is one of the biggest in the country, with billions spent on it every year, and is a very good choice to an enjoyabl e future career. Venue Management Venue managers are a lot like event planners and sports

The Managerial Communication

Question: Discuss about the Manaagerial Communication ? Answer: Introduction Communication is an essential activity. However, the personality traits of individuals might hinder the process of communication. This assignment focuses on four tools namely Big 5 personality test, Myers Briggs Personality test, Emotional intelligence and Social style. These are some of the pioneer tools used for assessment of personality traits in a person. Each of the tools is described and the similarities and differences among the results obtained from these tools have been mentioned, as found from the diagnostics. Various theories namely Freuds personality theory and Eysencks personality theory have been also highlighted. Moreover, the differences among the various test results have also been highlighted in this essay. Some of the areas that need improvements have also been identified in this essay and recommendation has been provided to improve those skills and enhance effective communication. Analysis of tools Big five personality traits: One of the most important tools for personality test is Big five personality trait. This model has five factors on basis of which the personality of a person is analysed. These five factors include openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Openness to experience refers to the appreciation of emotions and arts. This is also described as the extent to which a person is imaginative. This is an essential factor for determining the personality of an individual (Vecchione et al., 2016). Conscientiousness is referred to as the tendency of a person to be dependable and act dutiful. This nature of a person is a determining factor of a persons personality traits. The positive energy in a person, including positive emotion and sociability is tested using the Big five personality traits tool. Agreeableness refers to the qualities such as compassion and cooperative nature of a person, and determines the positive side of pe rsonality (Vecchione et al., 2016). Neuroticism is the way a person experience negative emotions such as anger, anxiety and pain. It is important that a person deals with the negative emotions without being aggressive. Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI): The Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) is an introspective self report that is used for personality assessment. This is one of the most famous personality assessment tools that are used (Kim Lee, 2016). The various precepts that is used in MBTI are extraversion or introversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, judging or perceiving. Using this assessment tool, sixteen types of personalities could be found. These are some of the essential qualities that determine the personality of a person. Since, MBTI approaches these qualities; hence the test results obtained from MBTI are reliable enough. Emotional intelligence personality test: This is an interactive personality test tool that is used to assess the personality of an individual. Emotional intelligence test judges individuals how they handle emotions. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability of a person to understand the emotions of himself as well as other people (Druskat, Mount Sala, 2013). Emotional intelligence is as essential quality of a person and has a significant effect on the personality of an individual. This tool focuses on the various qualities such as self-awareness, management of emotions and motivation of oneself. Empathy and social skills are also judged in this personality test (Goleman, Boyatzis McKee, 2013). Self awareness is an essential quality that makes a person aware of oneself. Management of emotions are also tested by this tool. Management of positive as well as negative emotions are essential and overflow of emotions affect effective communication negatively. Social style: This is an assessment tool that assesses the personality of a person on two parameters, namely assertiveness and responsiveness (Muir et al. 2015). Assertiveness in a person refers to the confidence that is portrayed by the person. Responsiveness refers to the rapidity of response that is given by a person in any situation, or how fast the person reacts. All of the above mentioned tools are personality assessment tools. However, each of the tools focuses on different aspects of an individuals personality. The Big Five personalities traits vary from MBTI to a significant extend. The tool MBTI divides the people into types; whereas the Big Five divides the people into traits. In case of MBTI, all data collected by assessment points to the fact that traits are dimensional. However, it cannot produce typological data. MBTI assessment tool is usually used in assessing the personality of people associated with education or business. Big Five assessment tool dominates in academic research. The Big Five model is a scientific model and relies on science rather than intuition. The various theories of personality traits are as follow: Freuds three level of awareness: According to this theory, there are three levels of consciousness. These are the conscious mind, unconscious mind and the preconscious mind. Along with this, the theory also suggests that personality is composed of the id, the ego and the super ego (Allen, 2015). The results that are obtained from the four personality assessment tools vary, since each person is dominated by each of these three traits separately. Another distinguished theory of personality is the Eysencks personality theory. This theory identifies three dimensions of the personality of human beings. These are extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism (Crain, 2015). According to this theory, the two dimensions of neuroticism namely stable versus unstable and introversion-extroversion could be combined to form various personality traits. The personality traits obtained in Big Five personality tool are formed using this theory. Using the personality assessment tools it has been observed that one of the weaknesses found from the result of all of the tools is lack of active listening. The results obtained from each of the four tools were found to differ from each other. While the results of MBTI highlight that the person relies on sensing and judging, the Big 5 personality test highlights that the person is extrovert. However, though the person is portrayed as extrovert, the emotional intelligence shows that the social skills of the person are low. Thus, the test results vary to a great extent. Strategies Listening and effective listening has a huge difference. As revealed by the assessment tools, it has been observed that in extrovert personality trait, active listening in hardly done. This kind of personality listens to reply promptly. Hence, as a result, some of the communication is often misunderstood by people with extrovert personality trait. In order to mitigate this weakness, active listening has to be practiced regularly (Schultz Schultz, 2016). Active listening includes observation of the verbal and non-verbal communication of the speaker, along with understanding the actual meaning of what the speaker has to say. Effective communication includes active listening; hence it needs to be practiced. Self consciousness and staying in conscious mind has to be practiced as well. Out of the three levels of consciousness as described in Freuds theory of personality, staying in conscious mind has to be ensured to incorporate active listening (Muir et al. 2015). The overall communicat ion could be improved by incorporating the principles of effective communication. The principles include being courteous to each other while communication. Correctness of the information being exchanged has to be maintained. The communication needs to be conscious and clarity in communication should be maintained. These practices would ensure enhancement of communication. Moreover, adequate importance needs to be given to the gestures, body language and facial expression. These form an integral part of active listening and effective communication (Crain, 2015). The negative personality traits such as aggression, anger, ego needs to be eliminated, while communicating. These might be useful in ensuring positive and effective communication. Moreover, it is important to avoid overflow of emotions in communication. Emotions such as pain or happiness should not dominate the process of communication. Conclusion This essay focuses on four most important personality assessment tools namely the Big Five assessment tool, MBTI, emotional intelligence as well as social style, it has been observed that the person is extrovert and is open to experience. In order to mitigate the issue of lack of effective listening, active listening and effective communication needs to be incorporated while communicating with each other. From the personality test result, of the various tools, the test results have been seen to differ from each other. In the Big 5 personality test, it has been observed that the candidate is open to experience new things. Moreover, the person is conscientious and is extraversion. However, the agreeableness of the person is comparatively high. However, in MBTI, the candidate relies on sensing as well as feeling. The person is also judgemental in nature. In the emotional intelligence tool, self awareness and empathy are the main characteristics of the person. However, the social skills are quiet low. Thus, some of the personality tests are contradictory in the results obtained from two or more tools. The social style personality tool highlights that the candidates nature is assertive. This means that the person is confident and has a strong personality. The focus of this assignment and the personality tests were to highlight the personality of the person and identify the areas where the person needs to improve to enhance the process of communication. References Allen, B. P. (2015).Personality theories: Development, growth, and diversity. Psychology Press. Crain, W. (2015).Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Psychology Press. Druskat, V. U., Mount, G., Sala, F. (2013).Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence with individuals and groups. Psychology Press. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., McKee, A. (2013).Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Kim, H. E., Lee, S. E. (2016). Childcare Teachers Educational Beliefs and Self-efficacy according to Psychological Preferences of the MBTI Test.Korean Journal of Childcare and Education,12(1), 171-185. Muir, K., Joinson, A., Cotterill, R., Dewdney, N. (2015). Power and personality in linguistic style accommodation. Schultz, D. P., Schultz, S. E. (2016).Theories of personality. Cengage Learning. Vecchione, M., Dentale, F., Alessandri, G., Imbesi, M. T., Barbaranelli, C., Schnabel, K. (2016). On the Applicability of the Big Five Implicit Association Test in Organizational Settings.Current Psychology, 1-10.

LEADERSHIP STYLES Essays - Films, Remember The Titans, Sports

LEADERSHIP STYLES: Remember the Titans have different leadership styles. Both the leaders in the movie try to motivate the players in their own ways. A good leader motivates others to develop qualities and train them to do better. This movie shows how Coaches and team players showed their leadership qualities, strengths as a leader. The contribution of each player helped to achieve in their victory. The players forget their racism differences and played as a team. During the football match on the field, no blacks and whites were differentiated and they played all as one. My First leader is Herman Boone. He had a dictative leadership style. Boone believed that through cooperation of the entire team will lead to a win. He also believed that each player has to understand each other culture. He had a very clear vision as how to succeed with the team and how to have a strong team to work hard with full determination and courage. He also had transactional lead where he punishes the players if they were doing something wrong directly or indirectly which helped him to control the team through his powers. He knew very well that players had loved for the football game and he had faith in his players that's they will definitely going to win the game if every player corporate. He had a good leadership quality as he approached Yoast to be his assistance coach. He wanted to have a strong team and win. His team to be successful he had to ensure that all the team members work together and respect each other. It was important for the team to work hard and be committed at all the times. Through his power he was able to have a transactional lead and whenever the players were wrong he punishes them and he had the control over them to improve and bring a standard in the team. He knew very well that the players had loved for the football game and he can make the team to work together and used their love as a motivator to make sure they cooperate and they don't fight with each other as far as racist is concerned. My Second leader in Remember the Titans is Coach Bill Yoast. Coach Yoast used democratic leadership styles. Coach Yoast, meet students personally. He discuss the issues and personally try to solve the problem rather than in front of other team members. In Remember the Titans Coach Yoast display his qualities in such a way that he handled each difficult situation with ease. He used to keep his players cool so that he can have control over them and he can help them individually if need arises. He was a calm Coach. He was not that strict and straight forward as Coach Boone as a leader. Effectiveness as a leader Team members respected him a lot since he was able to bring all players together with different race through pairing black and white players together. He had confident and courage through which he was able to make his team win. Coach Boone was a effective leader he was just like a leader who is born with so more powerful in his words. He was a effective leader with confident and courage through which his team won. He was independently and stubbornly as often see in the movie which wins the victory. He was very much concerned with the players and how they feel. He had strengthen, confidence, enthusiasm and unity of player. Type of power Coach Boone held expert power which is "power that results from leader's special knowledge or skill regarding tasks performed by followers"(Daft,2008). He was a true expert of football with superior knowledge of coaching the team. He had full control over his team. He also held referent power since he had ability to convey a sense of personal acceptance. Coach Boone highly influences his team member through his strength. How he used his power He used his power in a good way but sometimes he was so hard on players during training period. But through his tough training and strict on players he was able to make his team win. He used his power as Head coach to achieve his goals and to promote interracial